Co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) with other DON derivatives/metabolites and other Fusarium toxins, including zearalenone, nivalenol and as well as other mycotoxins (e.g. fumonisins) is frequently observed in food and feed. DON-3beta-glucopyranoside (DON-3-glucoside) was described as detoxification product of DON in wheat. This mycotoxin conjugate was observed in maize, barley, malt, beer a...

dissolved organic nitrogen (don) can react with disinfectants to produce numerous disinfectionbyproducts (dbps), particularly nitrogen-containing dbps (n-dbps), and produce serious adverse effectson public health. widely used biological processes in drinking water treatment can increase don in effluents,and enhance these ill effects. this study investigated don in a full-scale two-stage ozonati...

fusarium culmorum which is considered as the causal agent of fusarium head blight, can produce deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv) and their acetylated derivatives. this study has been assessed in order to detect the tri13 gene using primer pairs tri13donr/tri13f and tri13r/tri13nivf, to investigate the potential of f. culmorum isolates in the production of don and niv in west azarbayjan prov...

Both deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are common contaminants of feed. Fumonisins (FBs) in general have a very limited oral bioavailability in healthy animals. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to DON impairs the intestinal barrier function and integrity, by affecting the intestinal surface area and function of the tight junctions. This might influence the oral...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat worldwide caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (syn. Gibberella zeae). This fungus can be highly aggressive and can produce several mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), a well known harmful metabolite for humans, animals, and plants. The fungus can survive overwinter on wheat residues and on the soil, and can usually attack the wh...

Biotransformation of mycotoxins in animals comprises phase I and phase II metabolisation reactions. For the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), several phase II biotransformation reactions have been described resulting in DON-glutathiones, DON-glucuronides and DON-sulfates made by glutathione-S-transferases, uridine-diphosphoglucuronyl transferases and sulfotransferases, respectively. These met...

The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can cause cell death in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but can also reduce the level of cell death caused by heat shock in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cultures. We show that 10 μg mL(-1) DON does not cause cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures, and its ability to retard heat-induced cell death is light dependent. Under dark conditions, it ac...

fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of fhb or wheat scab in different part of the world. this fungus is able to produce widespread trichothecene mycotoxins such as nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) which are harmful for both human and animals. to determine chemotypes of trichothecene, a total of 100 isolates from different fields of golestan province in iran includin...