Linguistic assumptions of an individual speaker-hearer are subtly reflected in analyses code switching that assign switches to “conversational strategies,” categories treated as if they existed prior to, and independent of, actual interactions. While such provide convenient rubrics for many common significant social functions switching, fail capture the interactionally emergent switches. In thi...

BACKGROUND The social determinants of health (SDH) are conditions that shape the overall health of an individual on a continuous basis. As momentum for addressing social factors in primary care settings grows, provider ability to identify, treat and assess these factors remains unknown. Community health centers care for over 20-million of America's highest risk populations. This study at three ...

Formality, Informality, and Social Welfare An industry is modeled in which entrepreneurs, who are heterogeneous in ability, may produce formally or informally. It is shown how the formal-informal mix depends on the distribution of ability, product demand and various parameter values. The industry equilibrium is compared to one in which informality is prohibited. With relatively high product dem...