human as the superior of the creature was more important for pre-socrates, but by emerging socrates this remark become pale because he pointed to be average of human's powers. after many decades, some grand-phipspher such as kierkegaard, nietzsche, martin heidegger and jean-paul sartre entered and they have taken attention to human and established existentialism.this academy spoke about hu...

brechtian narrative drama as opposed to aristotelian drama initiated an enormous transformation in german dramatic literature. the major distinctive feature between aristotelian and non-aristotelian drama lies in the certain view and effect each one generates on the audience. according to brecht, aristotelian drama based on pity, fear, empathy, and catharsis results in passivity, lethargy, and ...

There are several debates around why Socrates executed but none of them has explained why he executed at seventy. I think Socratic hubris can explain it. In fact, if we refer to “earlier Socrates” dialogues that cover life of Socrates from youth to seventy years, it is obvious that Socrates on effort to find and present a good life appealed to speech and used it to cross-examine Athenians. Howe...

INTRODUCTION On Apollo’s ancient temple at Dephi three Greek maxims were inscribed whose importance was reaffirmed in Roman times, preserved in gilt letters. The most famous of these, “Know thyself,” forms the focus of this essay and constitutes one of philosophy’s most central ideals. If Heraclitus gave the injunction to selfknowledge its earliest surviving expression, recommending “to all men...

This paper examines two seemingly contradictory views of piety found in Plato’s Euthyphro and Crito. Using the Socratic dialogues for evidence of what Socrates actually believed and to piece together a Socratic account of piety, it seems that his argument in favor of remaining in prison is inconsistent with his own beliefs. The paper concludes that Socrates ought not to have thought it was impi...