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Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Major environmental stressors of boreal and sub-arctic rivers are hydrological changes and global warming and both factors will significantly influence the future evolution of the river chemistry in high latitudes. We tested the hypothesis...

This paper presents an investigation into the degree and nature of chemicalweathering during soil formation on a volcanic (phonolite) substrate on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. The high field strength elements Nb and Ta were used to estimate enrichments and depletions relative to the bedrock. The degree ofweatheringwas found to increasewith depth in the soil profi...

Clastic sediments in the Bengal Fan contain a Neogene history of erosion and weathering of the Himalaya. We present data on clay mineralogy, major element, stable and radiogenic isotope abundances from Lower Miocene-Pleistocene sediments from ODP Leg 116. Nd and Sr isotope data show that the Himalayan provenance for the eroded material has varied little since > 17 Ma. However, from 7 to 1 Ma sm...

We report erosion rates determined from in situ produced cosmogenic Be across a spectrum of Australian climatic zones, from the soil-mantled SE Australian escarpment through semi-arid bedrock ranges of southern and central Australia, to soil-mantled ridges at a monsoonal tropical site near the Arnhem escarpment. Climate has a major effect on the balance between erosion and transport and also on...

This chapter presents an overview of how field-based methods quantify the processes shaping upland, soil-mantled landscapes. These methods have been applied across diverse field areas, ranging from the tropical sandstones of northern Australia to the alpine granites of the Sierra Nevada in California. In all cases, the landscapes examined through such work are relatively gently sloping with a g...

24 25 Chemical weathering and mechanical erosion are first order processes of long-term 26 tropical morphogenesis, which is still poorly deciphered for lack of time constraints. We 27 address this issue by laser-probe 39 Ar40 Ar dating of generations of cryptomelane [K128 2Mn8O16, nH2O] from the manganese ore deposit of Tambao in northern Burkina Faso. This 29 Mn deposit results from the superg...

Over millions of years, the oxidation of organic carbon contained within sedimentary rocks is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, yet the controls on this emission remain poorly constrained. We use rhenium to track the oxidation of rock-bound organic carbon in the mountain watersheds of New Zealand, where high rates of physical erosion expose rocks to chemical weatherin...

Mineral carbonation of basic silicate minerals regulates atmospheric CO(2) on geological time scales by locking up carbon. Mining and spreading onto the earth's surface of fast-weathering silicates, such as olivine, has been proposed to speed up this natural CO(2) sequestration ('enhanced weathering'). While agriculture may offer an existing infrastructure, weathering rate and impacts on soil a...