Fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching has been used to show that a cytoplasmic GFP fusion is immobile in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis but becomes freely mobile in germinated spores in which cytoplasmic water content has increased approximately 2-fold. The GFP immobility in dormant spores is not due to the high levels of dipicolinic acid in the spore cytoplasm, because GFP was ...

Macrophages attempt to battle infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by phagocytosis of the spores. However, it is believed that B. anthracis spores may survive phagocytosis and may actually use the macrophages that ingest them as a means of transport to lymph nodes. Thus far, the events that occur after spores undergo phagocytosis have remained unclear. To elucidate the fate of spores intern...

The inhibitory effects of the dormant spores, the germinating spores, the sporoderm-broken germinating spores (SBGS), and the lipids extracted from the germinating spores of Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of mouse hepatoma, sarcoma S-180, and reticulocyte sarcoma L-II cells were investigated, respectively. The dormant spores could be activated by germination, and thus the bioactivities of the ...

OBJECTIVES Previous work suggests oritavancin may be inhibitory to Clostridium difficile spores. We have evaluated the effects of oritavancin exposure on C. difficile spore germination, outgrowth and recovery. METHODS Germination and outgrowth of C. difficile spores exposed to different concentrations of oritavancin, vancomycin, or metronidazole (0.1-10 mg/L) were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 ...

As previously reported, gerP Bacillus subtilis spores were defective in nutrient germination triggered via various germinant receptors (GRs), and the defect was eliminated by severe spore coat defects. The gerP spores' GR-dependent germination had a longer lag time between addition of germinants and initiation of rapid release of spores' dipicolinic acid (DPA), but times for release of >90% of ...

pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of some plant parasite of nematodes whichcan attach to the cuticle of nematode. differences in attachment of p. penetrans spores to the second stag juvenile (j2) cuticle may provide evidence for nematode cuticle diversity even between different ages of j2s. for investigating this purpose, we studied the effect of different ages of the same population ...

The chemical and enzymatic properties of the cytochrome system in the particulate preparations obtained from dormant spores, germinated spores, young vegetative cells, and vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 were investigated. Difference spectra of particulate fractions from dormant spores of this strain suggested the presence of cytochromes a, a(3), b, c(+c(1)), and o. All of the cyto...

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of various heat shock conditions and fast freezing and subsequent thawing on the viability and recovery of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis as probiotic sporeformers, and also to compare spore plate and microscopic counts. Materials and Methods: After preparing the final suspensions of B. coagulans...

The spores have formed by fungi and these spores have developed characteristics that enable them to cope with the stresses of survival and disintegration. In the distribution of fungus spores in the atmosphere, it is important in the meteorological factors as well as the features of the fungus. The meteorological factors that play a role in the distribution of fungus spores are temperature, hum...

Kudoa septempunctata (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) infects the muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, Paralichthyidae) in the form of spores. To investigate the effect of K. septempunctata spores in mammals, adult BALB/c mice were fed with spores of K. septempunctata genotype ST3 (1.35 × 10(5) to 1.35 × 10(8) spores/mouse). After ingestion of spores, the mice remained clinically normal ...