Smoking cessation counseling by practitioners occurs at low rates in spite of strong evidence that counseling increases quit rates and reduces patient mortality. In a preliminary study, 1060 New York State physicians completed a survey concerning use of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) Guidelines, perceived autonomy and perceived competence for counseling, perceived autono...

international system?1 Or to what extent are its objectives and approaches the mere manifestations of competition and compromise among its member states? Several writers have argued that the Bank has a relatively large amount of autonomy—from the state interests of its overseers, and that its staff have some autonomy from the senior management. They have traced this autonomy to variables such a...

226 INTRODUCTION Autonomy in a machine is the ability to act independently of human control. For unmanned spacecraft missions performed by the Space Department at APL, autonomy has grown to be defined as a specialized flight software facility designed to automatically detect and react to situations aboard the spacecraft without human intervention, usually to remedy faulted conditions or for saf...

In Europe, public schools are more and more going to be run as autonomous schools. From the point of view of the educational system, the current school reform is a process of decentralisation of competences and centralisation of control and regulations. At the level of schools as organizations, reforms concern organizational and pedagogical matters. Organizational autonomy and curriculum autono...

although improvement and accumulation of human capital  depends on state policy, every state hasn't this capability. meritocratic bureaucracies, extractive capability, accountability and rationalization of relations with society promote capacity and autonomy in developmental state model. according to the study hypothesis, structure and nature of the ninth and tenth governments was the main...