Since the 1970s almost all OECD countries have published projections or forecasts of future energy consumption. By now, three decades later, the actual values of energy consumption are available for the same number of countries and thus a considerable amount of empirical data is available concerning formal hypothesis testing, e.g. whether there have been improvements in the forecasting accuracy...

the hot charging of continuously cast slabs steel is usually considered an effective method to reduce theenergy consumption in the hot rolling mills. in this work the application and optimizing of hot charging ofcontinuously cast slab in mobareke steel company has been investigated. mathematical relationship betweenthe cooling time of the stack of slabs and its mass average temperature is descr...

these days, limited energy resources, and also the cost of investment in new and renewable energy is very costly and uneconomical. in the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. the main aim of this study is the identification and ra...

eaf plants normally consume coal and coke as reactants, alloying elements, or fuel. the price of these materials varies from € 0.20-0.35/kg. this is while nearly 10 million pieces of tires are annually discarded in iran. the present study shows that scrap tires can be used as a substitute for coal and coke in eaf plants. thirteen grades of steel including low, medium, and high carbon steels as ...

in this paper, an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (anfis) is used for forecasting of natural gas consumption. it is clear that natural gas consumption prediction for future, surly can help statesmen to decide more certain. there are many variables which effect on gas consumption but two variables that named gross domestic product (gdp) and population, are selected as two input var...

Periodic models for seasonal data allow the parameters of the model to vary across the different seasons. This paper uses the components of UK consumption to see whether the periodic autoregressive (PAR) model yields more accurate forecasts than non-periodic models, such as the airline model of Box and Jenkins (1970), and autoregressive models that pre-test for (seasonal) unit roots. We analyse...

Forecasting electricity consumption has often prefered to treat socioeconomic activity and wealth as exogenous. The motivation for this research is to endogenize electricity consumption with economic activity by introducing electricity demand, and the interactions between electricity use and economic activity, into macroeconomic demand equations. In this paper, I create an energy and macroecono...

As an economic and safe structure, Bi-steel is widely used in reinforced concrete with less consumption of steel. In this paper, III Bi-steel concrete beam has been analyzed. Through careful observation and theoretical analysis, the new calculating formulae for structural rigidity and crack have been formulated for this Bi-steel concrete beam. And structural rigidity and the crack features have...

A method of effective planning and control of industrial facility energy consumption is offered. The method allows optimally arranging the management and full control of complex production facilities in accordance with the criteria of minimal technical and economic losses at the forecasting control. The method is based on the optimal construction of the power efficiency characteristics with the...