There are mainly two types of Emergent Self-Organizing Maps (ESOM) grid structures in use: hexgrid (honeycomb like) and quadgrid (trellis like) maps. In addition to that, the shape of the maps may be square or rectangular. This work investigates the effects of these different map layouts. Hexgrids were found to have no convincing advantage over quadgrids. Rectangular maps, however, are distinct...

Acknowledgements: We thank Dr. Robert Friedman for technical assistance. SUMMARY In mammals, the perception of motion starts with direction-selective neurons in the visual cortex. Despite numerous studies in monkey V1 and V2 (primary and second visual cortex), there has been no evidence of direction maps in these areas. In the present study, we used optical imaging methods to study the organiza...

The hippocampal formation is essential for forming declarative representations of the relationships among multiple stimuli. The rodent hippocampal formation, including the entorhinal cortex and subicular complex, is critical for spatial memory. Two classes of hippocampal neurons fire in relation to spatial features. Place cells collectively map spatial locations, with each cell firing only when...

Economic theories show that the direction and magnitude of the fluctuations of economic variables depend on the type and magnitude of the shocks they are faced with. Various reasons are noted for fluctuations in demands for imports, including productivity shocks. Accordingly, this research was aimed at identifying the effects of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) shocks of the agricultural sector ...

To reduce the floor space of receiving antenna arrays, the Radio Ocean Remote SEnsing (RORSE) laboratory of Wuhan University developed a circular receiving array for a multi-frequency high frequency (MHF) radar system in 2014, consisting of seven uniformly spaced antenna elements positioned on a circle with a diameter of 5 m. The new system, which is abbreviated MHF-C radar, adopts frequency mo...

We consider complexes (X , d) of nuclear Fréchet spaces and continuous boundary maps dn with closed ranges and prove that, up to topological isomorphism, (Hn(X , d)) ∗ ∼= H(X ∗, d∗), where (Hn(X , d)) ∗ is the strong dual space of the homology group of (X , d) and H(X ∗, d∗) is the cohomology group of the strong dual complex (X ∗, d∗). We use this result to establish the existence of topologica...

Environmental spatial abilities are involved in everyday tasks such as finding one’s way in the environment and learning the layout of a new environment. Self-report measures of environmental abilities, e.g., asking people to rate their ‘‘sense of direction (SOD),’’ have been found to predict objective measures of these abilities quite highly. In this study, we developed a standardized self-rep...

Acoustic scene analysis usually requires several sub-systems working in parallel for carrying out the various required functionalities. Focusing to a more integrated approach, in this paper we present an attempt to jointly recognize and localize several simultaneous acoustic events that take place in a meeting room environment, by developing a computationally efficient technique that employs mu...