This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. Using data on actual trade protection across different manufacturing sectors, it is shown that trade liberalization had a positive impact on TFP growth during the 1990s. In addition, time-series evidence on macro data supports a positive long-run relationship between TFP and opennes...

This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia’s economic growth using ARDL cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports growth, while exports show positive relationships with growth. Moreover, short-term is driven by openness. findings suggest that liberalisation export-led are crucial for development. Overall, ...

This paper is the first to examine the causal relationship between trade openness and government size using both aggregate and disaggregated government expenditure data, including data on social security. Our results indicate that examining the relationship separately for functional categories of government expenditures and based on differences in incomes across countries provide important deta...

Purpose – Since the 1960s, the affluent democracies have experienced substantial changes in earnings inequality at the same time as heightening economic globalization. This paper investigates the relationship between these two processes. Methodology/Approach – I use fixed-effects models, and comprehensive measures of globalization and earnings inequality to scrutinize the relationship between t...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

The paper is an effort to fill the gap in the energy literature with a comprehensive country study for Pakistan. We investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness for Pakistan over the period of 19712009. The result suggests that there exists long run relationship among the variables. EKC hypothesis is supported in the country. Further...

the increase of greenhouse gases (ghg) in which co2 emissions constitute the principal component, is of major environmental problems of all societies. economic growth impels intensive use of resources and as a result, more residues and wastes thrown in the nature that could lead to environmental degradation. this article tries to trace the eventual relationship between trade openness and enviro...