Background. Graves' disease may have a number of clinical manifestations with varying degrees of activity that may not always run in parallel. Objectives. To study associations between serum levels of TSH-receptor autoantibodies and the three main manifestations of Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism, goiter, and presence of orbitopathy) at the time of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Methods. We des...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined endoscopic and transconjunctival orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy with orbital apex compression. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS A sequential series of patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy presenting with orbital apex compressive myopathy with and without optic neuropathy who were u...

BACKGROUND To describe an episode of thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) following the initiation of thiazolidinedione (TZD). CASE PRESENTATION We report a female patient with a history of Graves' disease and stabilised thyroid associated orbitopathy for 2.5 years, who experienced rapid progression of TAO after the initiation of thiazolidinedione for glycemic control. Following the discontin...

Objective: To review the practice of orbital irradiation in thyroid orbitopathy. Methods: Review of the records of patients who received orbital irradiation for thyroid orbitopathy between June 1995 and June 1999. Twenty four patients were treated with a radiotherapy protocol. The practice of radiotherapy was analyzed and various clinical parameters were measured to document the response during...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on proptosis in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy. METHODS The medical records of 22 consecutive patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy undergoing strabismus surgery were reviewed. Data pertaining to the number of muscles operated on, amount of muscle recession, prior orbital decompression, and exophthalmometry were evaluat...

Selenium (Se) is an important trace element for human physiology. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-aging properties and protects from oxidative stress [1]. It is present in muscles, liver and kidneys, but reaches its highest concentration in the thyroid gland [2]. Selenium is incorporated in the molecular structure of a class of proteins called selenoproteins and the following...

Coexistence of Graves-Basedow disease with orbitopathy and thyroid cancer is believed to be a rare event. A 39-year-old man with clinical features of hyperthyroidism associated with exophthalmos and goitre presented to out patient clinic. Thyroid function tests showed hyperthyroidism with elevated thyroid-stimulating antibodies. Graves-Basedow disease was diagnosed. Ultrasound revealed diffuse ...