Murraya koenigii L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as curry leaf tree, closely associated with south India where the word “curry” originates from the Tamil “kari” for spiced sauces. Curry leaves are a rich source of carbazole alkaloids which possess various biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curry leaf has a potential role in the treatment of diabetes....

Introduction How do cells move? There is no shortage of theories, but a definitive answer is still elusive. Here we will present some models for cell motions along with proposals for experiments to address the theories. We will restrict ourselves to the problem of cell protrusion, although the models apply to other motility phenomena as well. Different protrusion phenomena extend at different c...

The question of whether opiates stimulate feeding by enhancing taste pleasure was investigated by examining the effect of morphine upon hedonic and aversive reactions to taste (tongue protrusions, gapes, etc.). Rats (n = 12) were given SC injections of morphine (4 mg/kg) or equal volumes of isotonic saline 2 h after the start of their daily light cycle. Food intake was measured in a 2-h test. O...

A 20 year-old female developed swelling and protrusions of the tongue and marked facial swelling while under general anaesthesia for dental restoration and gigivectomy. The initial diagnosis was angioedema; however x-rays showed marked subcutaneous emphysema more extensive in the perimandibular area with a minimal amount in the neck. There was no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. T...

Two structurally distinct types (A, B) of microscopic sarcocysts were found in muscles of 4 of 5 feral skunks. Type A sarcocysts had sarcocyst walls of up to 6 microm thick. The villar protrusions (Vp) on the sarcocyst wall were up to 5 microm long. The Vp were constricted at the base, expanded in the middle, and had a blunt tip. Numerous microtubules were present in the Vp and in the granular ...

Because electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH) can elicit both feeding and reward, most investigators have concluded that stimulation does not evoke the aversive cues associated with hunger. It has been hypothesized, instead, that ESLH primes ingestion by evoking pleasurable taste sensations. A direct taste of this hedonic hypothesis was undertaken in rats that showed stimulu...

In the current research project, the thermal performance of a series of newly designed mixers has been investigated. Each mixer has two concentric cylinders comprising two annular slot flow channels around a solid cylindrical rod at the center. In each mixer, the first cylinder around the central solid rod has either spherical or pyramidal protrusions throughout the outer surface. It has been o...

Polarization of cells into a protrusive front and a retracting cell body is the hallmark of mesenchymal-like cell migration. Many mRNAs are localized to protrusions, but it is unclear to what degree mRNA localization contributes toward protrusion formation. We performed global quantitative analysis of the distributions of mRNAs, proteins, and translation rates between protrusions and the cell b...