abiotic factors, as topographic and physicochemical properties of soil, are the most important effective factor on vegetation in rangeland ecosystems which have the most important performances to forming and succession of plant vegetation. ecologic management of rangelands can be desired by better understanding of these effective factors. then, rangeland of javaherdeh (ramsar) in the northern a...

Use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors along with geospatial modeling provide a better opportunity for understanding spatial distribution of soil properties and crop yields on a landscape level and to map site-specific management zones. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship of crop yields, soil properties and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) at diff...

The topographical properties of fission barriers have been investigated within the macro-microscopic model. The range of validity of the topographic theorem, which states that the saddle-point mass is rather close to its macroscopic value, was studied in a quantitative way. It is shown that the conditions for the validity of the topographic theorem are fulfilled at the inner barrier, while at t...

We address the problem of extending topographic maps to color images. A topographic map gives a morphological and a geometrical representation of the information contained in natural images. Two approaches are presented and discussed. The first one is new and consists in defining a total order in IR3 in accordance with the human visual perception of shapes. This allows to define color topograph...

Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès 1,*, Marcos Hervás 1, Ferran Orga 1, Joan Lluís Pijoan 2, David Badia 2 and David Altadill 3 1 GTM—Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (F.O.) 2 GR-SETAD, La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; joanp@salleurl...

Cartographic and topographic mapping of the major satellites of the Outer Solar System has been in progress since the late 1980’s, beginning with Voyager image data, and incorporating Galileo and recently Cassini imaging data as released to the public. Global image mosaics, based on cartographic control nets, have been produced for all these satellites. In addition, digital topographic maps hav...

We call "natural" image any photograph of an outdoor or indoor scene taken by a standard camera. We discuss the physical generation process of natural images as a combination of occlusions, transparencies and contrast changes. This description ts to the phenomeno-logical description of Gaetano Kanizsa according to which visual perception tends to remain stable with respect to these basic operat...

We investigated two approaches for large-scale analysis and prediction of the spatial distribution of soil properties in an agricultural landscape in the Canadian prairies. The first approach was based on the implementation of nine types of digital terrain models (DTMs) and regression analysis of soil and topographic data. The second approach used a concept of accumulation, transit, and dissipa...

Visualizing large data by the SOM and GTM methods – what are we obtaining? Anna Bartkowiak University of Wrocław, Institute of Computer Science, Przesmyckiego 20, Wrocław 51–151, PL Abstract We consider the visualization of multivariate data yielded by the SOM and the GTM methods. Special emphasis is put on the position of outliers and extreme points. When evaluating four data sets, it is found...