A two-stage questionnaire which the patient completes at home has been developed for use by gynaecological outpatients. The first stage (root) identifies the patient's problem and obtains general background information. The second stage (branch) deals with the presenting problem in depth. The system has proved highly acceptable to patients. At the clinic a non-medical assistant uses a programme...

trr14 is a novel protein important in trehalose (α-d-glucosyl-[1,1]-α-d-glucopyranoside) signaling in arabidopsis. in this research, we provided evidences to demonstrate that trr14 plays role in arabidopsis responses to salt and drought stress. the transgenic arabidopsis plants over-expressing trr14 under the control of camv 35s promoter were generated. transformed lines showed higher transcrip...

vacuolar h+-translocation pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) and na+/h+ antiporter (v-na+/h+) are important transporters in plant cells and have essential roles against abiotic stresses. in this study, the effects of salt stress were surveyed on the transcription of v-ppase pump and na+/h+ antiporter genes at early times of nacl treatment in roots of halophytic grass leptochloa fusca through the real ti...

Survival of embryos largely depends on yolk processing during early development. Proteolytic enzymes, cathepsin B & D (ctsb & ctsd) are known to have some important roles in yolk processing of various fish species. Mature female red spotted groupers were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to induce ovulation. The fertilized eggs and embryos were sampled at 0, 4 and 24 HPF (hours p...

Gene arrays demonstrate a promising ability to characterize expression levels across the entire genome, but they suffer from significant levels of measurement noise. We present a statistical technique to estimate transcript levels or transcript level ratios from one or more gene array experiments, incorporating a model of measurement noise and prior information about biological expression level...

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is essential to Plasmodium and is the target of the antimalarial drug atovaquone. The mitochondrial genomes of Plasmodium sp. are the most reduced known, and the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and imported into the mitochondrion post-translationally. Many organisms have signalling pathways between the mitochondria and the...