With the research of the wireless sensor network technology, some wireless underground sensor network nodes and a sink node based on embedded technology and RF technology were designed innovatively. Wireless underground sensor network node consists of sensor, the processor, wireless RF module and power module; here, processor using MSP430 microcontroller, RF modules adopting nRF905 communicatio...

Snow water equivalence, which is the product of snow density and depth, is the most important parameter in snow hydrology. This paper demonstrates the algorithms for estimating dry snow density, depth, grain size, underground dielectric constant and surface RMS height using multi-frequency and –polarization SAR (SIR-C/X-SAR) measurements. The algorithms were developed based on the numerically s...

To provide more reasonable references for remedying underground water, fuel leak was simulated by establishing an experimental model of a porous-aquifer sand tank with the same size as that of the actual tank and by monitoring the underground water. In the tank, traditional gasoline and ethyl alcohol gasoline were poured. This study was conducted to achieve better understanding of the migration...

Vertical splitting cracks often appear in side walls of large-scale underground caverns during excavations owing to the brittle characteristics of surrounding rock mass, especially under the conditions of high in situ stress and great overburden depth. This phenomenon greatly affects the integral safety and stability of the underground caverns. In this paper, a transverse isotropic constitutive...

According to research, between 15 to 20 percent of the total energy consumption of every country is used for residential spaces. This amount is explanatory of the high cost and will follow the destruction of natural resources and environmental demolition. The aim of this research is to recognize earth thermal ability and its usage in public buildings and especially in private buildings in order...

The article lays down the basic rules for increasing laying depth of foundations and gives examples how these works are carried out if underground part building needs to be deepened. With small size deepening basement in low-rise buildings, it is possible deepen without hanging them at a lower cost. Meanwhile risk uneven sedimentary deformations than whilehanging load-bearing walls with device ...