in this paper, by using the survival models, survival functions for the time from birth to the event of using formula (i.e. the time that baby in fed by breast milk) in urban and rural areas of takestan (iran, winter 1998) are reported. later the relation between the mentioned time and some factors are also discussed. the kaplan-meire method and cox regression are used in this paper as well. 48...

Although the health benefits of walking are well established, participation is lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. Most studies on walkability and walking have been conducted in urban areas, thus little is known about the relevance of walkability to rural areas. A computer-assisted telephone survey of 2402 adults (aged ≥18 years) was conducted to determine walking behaviour and percep...

In environmental studies, different types of system boundaries are needed. Disaggregated GIS data are crucial because they can be flexibly converted into the target boundaries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should be highly evaluated as a valuable GIS data. We, however, show the problem that GDP per capita in urban areas is lower...

The paper aims to investigate land use change at the county level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. Three land use patterns are identified by assessing the urban-rural linkages: urban, peri-urban and periphery areas. Empirical analysis shows that land use change in the urban areas is faster than that in the peri-urban and periphery areas. Economic conditions are significant to the l...

this study was initiated to characterize urban and peri-urban sheep production systems and their economic importance in and around the towns of debre berhan and dessie, ethiopia. the study was undertaken using group discussions, structured questionnaire and personal observations. in both locations the majority of sheep producers were male household heads and predominantly traders in urban and f...

Abstract In 2013, UN-HABITAT provided the City Prosperity Index (CPI) to evaluate policies and guide urban decision-makers. Quality of life is one of the five dimensions of urban prosperity, which is one of the newest theories in the field of urban planning. The concept of urban quality of life has been invigorated in the wake of social welfare and social justice schools. In Iran, from the past...