background: the aim of this study was to validate the farsi version of rome iii modular questionnaire which contains all functional gastrointestinal disorders (fgids). materials and methods: we used rome foundation guidelines for translation of english version into farsi, and all the steps were performed. in the first step, 2 forward translations into farsi were completed by two authors separat...

The study analyzes how the content of prayer books changes in relation to aspects such as title and form book, gender target reader. works with book Rajská růže [Paradise Rose] examines three different variants (Ljbezně kwětaucý Ragská Růže, Duchownj Libokwětaucý Růže). examined corpus includes both printed handwritten books. In addition (i.e., vs. handwritten), intended reader is taken into co...

This paper presents the results of Persian handwritten word recognition based on Mixture of Experts technique. In the basic form of ME the problem space is automatically divided into several subspaces for the experts, and the outputs of experts are combined by a gating network. In our proposed model, we used Mixture of Experts Multi Layered Perceptrons with Momentum term, in the classification ...

Libraries and other institutions are interested in providing access to scanned versions of their large collections of handwritten historical manuscripts on electronic media. Convenient access to a collection requires an index, which is manually created at great labour and expense. Since current handwriting recognizers do not perform well on historical documents, a technique called word spotting...

It is generally agreed that an on-line recognition system is always reliable than an off-line one. It is due to the availability of the dynamic information, especially the writing sequence of the strokes. This paper presents a new statistical method to reconstruct the writing order of a handwritten script from a two-dimensional static image. The reconstruction process consists of two phases, na...

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The paper presents to address this challenge, we have proposed the use of Adaptive Window Positioning technique which focuses on not just the meaning of the handwritten signature but also on the individuality of the writer. This innovative technique divides the handwritten signature into 13 small windows of size nxn (13x13). This size should be large enough to contain ample information about th...