When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

Since the emergence of power market, the target of power generating utilities has mainly switched from cost minimization to revenue maximization. They dispatch their power energy generation units in the uncertain environment of power market. As a result, multi-stage stochastic programming has been applied widely by many power generating agents as a suitable tool for dealing with self-scheduling...

the purpose of this paper is to survey of muslim consumer behavior with respect to a given portfolio. in other words, in this paper, a set of specified assets with returns in certain state be considered as the individual's budget constraint. in this regard, factors affecting the portfolio selection by the individual in islamic economics will be discussed. also the subject of consumption in...