In recent years, great efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles. Petroleum products produces greenhouse gas emissions, therefore reducing the use of these products can make a major contribution to reducing pollution. The Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem is one of the most widely used routing branches. In this problem, there are vehicle with different capac...

Existing smartphone-based solutions to prevent distracted driving suffer from inadequate system designs that only recognize simple and clean vehicle-boarding actions, thereby failing to meet the required level of accuracy in real-life environments. In this paper, exploiting unique sensory features consistently monitored from a broad range of complicated vehicle-boarding actions, we propose a re...

Traffic data of multiple vehicle types are important for pavement design, traffic operations and traffic control. A new video-based traffic data collection system for multiple vehicle types is developed. By tracking and classifying every passing vehicle under mixed traffic conditions, the type and speed of every passing vehicle are recognised. Finally, the flows and mean speeds of multiple vehi...

This paper describes the use of ordered probit models to examine the risk of different injury levels sustained under all crash types, two-vehicle crashes, and single-vehicle crashes. The results suggest that pickups and sport utility vehicles are less safe than passenger cars under single-vehicle crash conditions. In two-vehicle crashes, however, these vehicle types are associated with less sev...

The effect of risk factors on crash severity varies across vehicle types. objective this study was to explore the associated with rural single-vehicle (SV) crashes. Four types including passenger car, motorcycle, pickup, and truck were considered. To synthetically accommodate unobserved heterogeneity spatial correlation in data, a novel Bayesian random parameters logit (SRP-logit) model is prop...

This paper describes a route construction method for the vehicle routing problem with multiple vehicle types and time window constraints. Several insertion-based savings heuristics are presented. The heuristics were tested on twenty-four 100-customer problems modified from the literature. Experimental results demonstrate that heuristics with the consideration of a sequential route construction ...