nowadays, the machinery dependent life makes the people take refuge in natural recreational places. therefore, evaluating the recreational value of natural promenades has great importance to lead to more protection. in this research, economic valuation of sorkheh hesar national park, and protected area of geno were computed, and socio-economic factors compared in each area. geno protected area ...

fragmentation, or breaking apart of habitats, is one of the major causes of decline in biological diversity. mature ecosystems, especially dense forests are very sensitive to this phenomenon and roads are one of the major causes of fragmentation in forest landscapes. present investigation aims to trace landscape fragmentation in dense forests of golestan national park in northeast of iran betw...

Coastal environments in the tropics can suffer from high sedimentation and low light levels. Galaxea fascicularis is a hermatypic coral that is relatively resilient to stress from bleaching and from sedimentation. Corallite dimensions--width, height, corallite densities and inter-corallite distances--of Galaxea fascicularis colonies varied significantly with depth, and so with incident light at...

Abstract Sponges are major components of benthic marine ecosystems across the world. However, despite seagrasses being one key in tropical environments, their associated sponge assemblages have been poorly studied. In this study we investigated seagrass and assemblage composition an Indo-Pacific meadow located surrounding Hoga Island Wakatobi National Park, South-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. We ex...