نتایج جستجو برای: watershed protection
تعداد نتایج: 195570 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A watershed is a complex ecosystem. Assessment of watershed condition entails consideration of numerous issues and factors. The problem is complex, the issues are not well defined, and data are often lacking. These characteristics suggest that a knowledgebased approximate reasoning approach is especially useful for watershed assessment. This paper describes a knowledge base for watershed assess...
pollution from agriculture can affect the quality and quantity of surface water, and runoff from storm events can increase the effect. Because of this concern, researchers at the Midwest Technology Assistance Center (MTAC) for Small Public Water Systems began searching for a watershed-scale hydrologic and nonpointsource pollution computerized model that they could enhance with storm-event algor...
Agricultural expansion has resulted in both land use and land cover change (LULCC) across the tropics. However, the spatial and temporal patterns of such change and their resulting impacts are poorly understood, particularly for the presatellite era. Here, we quantify the LULCC history across the 33.9 million ha watershed of Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains, using geo-referenced and digitized h...
An untraditional multi-objective programming approach, called as fuzzy game multi-objective optimization model (FGMOM), is illustrated to discuss suitability and significances in the problems of sustainable watershed management. FGMOM is developed based on the combination of fuzzy set theory, game theory and traditional multi-objective programming. The model is implemented to support decision m...
Preservation of extraordinary natural resources, protection of water quality, and restoration of impaired waters require a strategy to identify and protect least-disturbed streams and rivers. We applied two objective, quantitative methods to determine stream ecological integrity of headwater reaches of 10 Ozark rivers, 5 with Wild and Scenic River federal protective status. Thirty-four variable...
Estimation of the Economic Value Soil Nutrition Protection in Zagros Forest Ecosystems (Case Study: Noujian Watershed Khoramabad)
Information about the spatial distribution of riparian vegetation, and the ecosystem services it provides, is required to prioritise the protection and restoration of riparian zones within watersheds. Large woody debris performs a range of fluvial geomorphic and ecological functions within streams. This paper describes a new technique for estimating how much large woody debris is provided by ri...
In recent years a large literature on “reserve site selection” has developed at the interface between operations research, ecology, and environmental economics. Reserve site selection models use numerical optimization techniques from operations research to select sites for a network of nature reserves for protecting biodiversity. Most reserve site selection applications have focused on protecti...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been pressing for this type of approach since the promulgation of its Water Quality Trading Policy in 2003, the intent of which is “to encourage voluntary trading programs that facilitate implementation of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), reduce the costs of compliance with Clean Water Act regulations, establish incentives for voluntary reduc...
An allocation scheme of water pollutant reduction is the key procedure to implement a watershed total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. In order to improve the equity for the allocation scheme of water pollutant load reduction, five indexes involved in allocation processes were selected from fields associated with society, environment, economics, and resources. The weights of these indexes wer...
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