We provide a real analog of the Yau-Zaslow formula counting rational curves on K3 surfaces. ”But man is a fickle and disreputable creature and perhaps, like a chess-player, is interested in the process of attaining his goal rather than the goal itself.” Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Notes from the Underground.

Based on cell complex theory, after analyzing the corresponding relationship among cell, cell complex and 3D spatial solid, a formal definition for 3D spatial solid is presented. Through analyzing the geometric constructing relationship between cell and cell complex, we induce element boundary define and adhesive relationship existed in 3D spatial object; analyse three kinds of non-manifold cas...

It is a basic process, distinguishing of water based on quantity and quality properties and condition of it reach for consuming optimum. It has been to descent processes the level of underground water according to simple hydrograph of Shiraz plain in statistical period of 1993-2011 that totally the level of underground water has been decreasing about 5.98 meters. It has been decreased the quali...

Karstic landscape is a specific heritage, where surface and underground are part of single landscape. Where underground (caves, shafts...) played an important role in the development of surface. Landscape where natural an anthropogenic processes worked hand in hand. Caves were often treated as being separate from the outside landscape, recorded in isolation form landscape which they are part of...

The dominant working structure of an underground mine is a set of interconnected tunnels which provides access to ore zones and haulage of ore from the designated ore zones to the mill. This set of interconnected tunnels forms a network. We describe a mathematical network model and the modelling features of our two software tools for designing underground mine layouts that minimise associated c...

Land subsidence is a global issue and researchers from all over the world are keen to know the causes of deformation and its further influences. This paper reports the findings from time series InSAR (TS-InSAR) results over the Southern Coalfield, Australia using both ALOS-1 PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) datasets....

Received Oct 22, 2017 Revised Dec 29, 2017 Accepted Jan 17, 2018 Underground cables are inclined to faults because of underground conditions. Detecting particular fault area in the underground cable is a tedious one for that the whole line is to be dug check and settle issues. The proposed method using IoT identifies the correct fault position that makes repairing work simple. The professional ...

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their workin...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can provide centimetre-level positioning accuracy in “open-sky” environments. However, GPS coordinates become unavailable in difficult urban, suburban and rural environments because the GPS signals may be partly or completely blocked by trees and buildings. Applications such as underground asset mapping or locating unexploded ordnances require a “seamless” pr...