When an inside lender has private information about a firm, there is an information asymmetry among lenders. The effect of this asymmetry on the relative rates for firms borrowing from an insider or outsider is not well established. In the Sharpe (1990) model, an inside lender with private information competes against an outside lender with public information. In a correction to the model, von ...

In this paper the heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphon over a wide range of heat transfer rates, system pressure, aspect ratios and filling ratios were studied. The experiments focused on the boiling and condensation heat transfer characteristics of a thermosyphon with a copper tube having 25 and 32 mm inside and outside diameters. Distilled water was used as the wor...

This paper examines 1,313 regions from 46 developing countries to document that individuals working outside the context of a firm (own-account workers and family workers) are consistently overrepresented among poorest in their labor markets.JEL Codes: I32, J21.

For decades, the British philosopher of science Nicholas Maxwell has been promoting a new approach to science called aim-oriented empiricism. Maxwell’s basic claim is that the regular way of doing science, called standard empiricism, is untenable because it does not account for the basic general assumptions that scientists actually adhere to without acknowledgment. Standard empiricism is unable...

the ability of boards to perform their roles depends largely on their composition. board composition refers to the number of directors and type of members as determined by the usual insider or outsider classification. several empirical studies in other country have concluded that board composition determines a board’s power as an instrument of corporate control and contributes to company perfor...