This paper stresses the importance of assessing the risk-return trade-off faced by environmental industries in financial markets. One of the most widely-used theoretical models in finance is the conditional CAPM, which describes the conditional risk-return tradeoff in financial markets, whereby both the conditional mean return and conditional beta risk are allowed to vary over time. This paper ...

This paper focuses on the performance of various GARCH models in terms of their ability of delivering volatility forecasts for stock return data. Volatility forecasts obtained from a variety of mean and variance specifications in GARCH models are compared to a proxy of actual volatility calculated using daily data. In-sample tests suggest that a regression of volatility estimates on actual vola...

We develop a Markov-switching GARCH model (MS-GARCH) wherein the conditional mean and variance switch in time from one GARCH process to another. The switching is governed by a hidden Markov chain. We provide sufficient conditions for geometric ergodicity and existence of moments of the process. Because of path dependence, maximum likelihood estimation is not feasible. By enlarging the parameter...

This paper is mainly talking about several volatility models and its ability to predict and capture the distinctive characteristics of conditional variance about the empirical financial data. In my paper, I choose basic GARCH model and two important models of the GARCH family which are E-GARCH model and GJR-GARCH model to estimate. At the same time, in order to acquire the forecasting performan...

One of the most used methods to forecast price volatility is the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Nonetheless, the errors in prediction using this approach are often quite high. Hence, continued research is conducted to improve forecasting models employing a variety of techniques. In this paper, we extend the field of expert systems, forecasting, and mode...

We show that, for three common SARV models, fitting a minimum mean square linear filter is equivalent to fitting a GARCH model. This suggests that GARCH models may be useful for filtering, forecasting, and parameter estimation in stochastic volatility settings. To investigate, we use simulations to evaluate how the three SARV models and their associated GARCH filters perform under controlled co...

The financial market is the core of national economic development, and stocks play an important role in market. Analyzing stock prices has become focus investors, analysts, people related fields. This paper evaluates volatility Apple Inc. (AAPL) returns using five generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models: sGARCH with constant mean, GARCH sstd, GJR-GARCH, AR(1) GJ...