Abstract The present work focusses on development of a safe, inexpensive, and more accessible source for biosynthesis silver nanoparticles. Four different in-house probiotic isolates, i.e., Lactobacillus pentosus S6, plantarum F22, crustorum F11, paraplantarum KM1 isolated from food sources, were used in the current study to check their ability synthesize All probiotic-synthesized nanoparticles...

RhoA-mediated regulation of myosin-II activity in the actin cortex controls the ability of cells to contract and bleb during a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration and division. Cell contraction and blebbing also frequently occur as part of the cytopathic effect seen during many different viral infections. We now demonstrate that the vaccinia virus protein F11, which localize...

We have developed an in vitro assay which measures the ability of growth cones to extend on an axonal substrate. Neurite lengths were compared in the presence or absence of monovalent antibodies against specific neural cell surface glycoproteins. Fab fragments of antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, have an insignificant effect on the lengths of neurites elongating on eit...

a = index referring to the lumped mass ‘a’ b = index referring to the lumped mass ‘b’ Fxi = X component of the inertial force acting on the i-th lumped mass (i = a or b) Fyi = Y component of the inertial force acting on the i-th lumped mass (i = a or b) Fzi = Z component of the inertial force acting on the i-th lumped mass (i = a or b) R = half of the distance between the two arms (bars) in par...

Morphine-induced signaling via opioid receptors (ORs) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, the spinal cord, and various brain regions has been shown to modulate gene activity. Hitherto, little attention has been paid to extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2)-mediated activation of the serum response factor (SRF) and ternary complex factors (TCFs) such as the E twenty six-like tra...

Neurofascin is a member of the L1 subgroup of the Ig superfamily that promotes axon outgrowth by interactions with neuronal NgCAM-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM). We used a combination of cellular binding assays and neurite outgrowth experiments to investigate mechanisms that might modulate the interactions of neurofascin. In addition to NrCAM, we here demonstrate that neurofascin also b...

The cortical actin cytoskeleton beneath the plasma membrane represents a physical barrier that vaccinia virus has to overcome during its exit from an infected cell. Previous observations using overexpression and pharmacological approaches suggest that vaccinia enhances its release by modulating the cortical actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting RhoA signalling using the viral protein F11. We have no...

In order to fully understand the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic it is important to investigate the population structure and dissemination of the causative agent that drives the epidemic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain family 11 (F11) genotype isolates (found in 21.4% of all infected patients) are at least as successful as the Beijing genotype family isolates (16.5%) in contributing to the...