Royal jelly (RJ) is generally regarded as the major reason of the significant morphological and functional differences between queen and worker bees. The unique and chemically most interesting feature of RJ is its fatty acids. RJ fatty acids are short-chained, 8-10 carbon free acids that are usually either hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids. The major fatty acid in RJ is 10-hydroxy-2-dec...

Royal jelly (RJ) is generally regarded as the major reason of the significant morphological and functional differences between queen and worker bees. The unique and chemically most interesting feature of RJ is its fatty acids. RJ fatty acids are short-chained, 8-10 carbon free acids that are usually either hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids. The major fatty acid in RJ is 10-hydroxy-2-dec...

The chemical nature of the royal jelly (RJ) has received considerable attention over the past 20 years. Genc and Aslan reported the determination of Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content in pure Royal Jelly and royal jelly products by column liquid chromatography. Antinelli et al. confirmed this method and evaluated 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid presence as a freshness parameter for Ro...

A novel micro-stepwise injection analyzer (μSWIA) has been developed for the automation and miniaturization of spectrophotometric analysis. The main unit of this device is a mixing chamber (MC) connected to the atmosphere. This part of the μSWIA provides rapid and effective homogenization of the reaction mixture components and completion of the reaction by means of gas bubbling. The μSWIA conta...

Mammalian aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are molybdo-flavoenzymes which are present in many tissues in various mammalian species, including humans and rodents. Different species contain a different number of AOX isoforms. In particular, the reasons why mammals other than humans express a multiplicity of tissue-specific AOX enzymes is unknown. In mouse, the isoforms mAOX1, mAOX3, mAOX4 and mAOX2 are p...