Alternating current (AC) has few drawbacks which have increased the demand of Direct current (DC) Transmission. The normal HVAC range is between 220-800 kV .This high voltage has to pass different types of terrains including settled area, mountains and water. It is quite clear that human beings and environment will be effected from this huge voltage. The common effects of these huge voltages ar...

The IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol has been proposed for provisioning of differentiated Quality-of-Service (QoS) between various Access Categories (ACs), i.e., inter-AC QoS, in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). However, the EDCA lacks the support of the intra-AC QoS provisioning, which is indispensable in the practical WLANs since the network loads are alwa...

In this paper a new and efficient method for the reliable load flow solution of power network branches controlled by flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) is presented. In the various methods proposed in past, the formulations was derived in which the Jacobian matrix is in UDU form, where U is a constant upper triangular matrix depending solely on system topology and D is a block diagonal ma...

Cartilage conduction (CC) is a new form of sound transmission which is induced by a transducer being placed on the aural cartilage. Although the conventional forms of sound transmission to the cochlea are classified into air or bone conduction (AC or BC), previous study demonstrates that CC is not classified into AC or BC (Laryngoscope 124: 1214-1219). Next interesting issue is whether CC is a ...

In this paper, the interconnection of a strong AC system to a weak AC system by using a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission system is investigated. In this work, the weak AC system considered is an island system comprised of synchronous generators and passive load. Analysis is carried out for UPF load and inductive load. The ac filter requirement to achieve ...

Several metastable Ac alleles at the maize p locus were identified that produced novel pericarp variegation patterns. From the transmission analysis of pericarp sectors, we show that Ac inactivation is a somatic process. Ac excision from P and transactivation of an unlinked Ds was delayed or absent in plants with metastable Ac alleles. These decreases in Ac activity were correlated to increases...

For development of a UHV transmission system, sophisticated system design is indispensable to deal with increased charging MVA and higher transmission voltage. Furthermore, for realization of technical and economical optimization throughout the design of the transmission line and the substation, solutions for network problems specific to UHV AC transmission system and problems with insulation c...

This paper presents a method in expansion planning of transmission systems using the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF). The AC-OPF provides a more accurate picture of power flow in the network compared to the DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) that is usually considered in the literature for transmission expansion planning (TEP). While the AC-OPF-based TEP is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming prob...

In order to improve the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) low-voltage calibration service for thermal-voltage converters, we have constructed an ac-Josephsonvoltage-standard (ACJVS) system that can synthesize accurate rms voltages of up to 100 mV. Using this system, we synthesized dc voltages and audio-frequency sine waves in order to measure ac–dc differences on the 22 mV a...