Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of topographical factors on the classification of grassland plant communities in the rangelands of Ghorkhud, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran. For sampling, land units were specified. A floristic list was prepared using minimal area method based on the nested plot (Braun-Blanquet method). 116 10m2 furrows were selected. Within e...

McNamara and Pylyavskyy conjectured precisely which connected skew shapes are maximal in the Schur-positivity order, which says that B ≤s A if sA − sB is Schurpositive. Towards this, McNamara and van Willigenburg proved that it suffices to study equitable ribbons, namely ribbons whose row lengths are all of length a or (a+ 1) for a ≥ 2. In this paper we confirm the conjecture of McNamara and Py...

The Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi race 2, is associated with several plant species, including members of the tribe Triticeae. We evaluated 15 diploid species for M. chitwoodi gall and reproductive indices from the following genera: Agropyron, Pseudoroegneria, Hordeum, Psathyrostachys, and Thinopyrum. Species from the genus Thinopyrum (Thinopyrum bessarabicum; J genome) and ...

The vegetation cover and rangeland production are the most important factors to determine the proper planning system for effective utilization and management of rangelands. In this research, the effect of climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) were studied on vegetation cover and forage production of four species (Festuca ovina, Bromus tomentellus, Dactylis glomerata and Agropyron trichoph...

Agropyron Gaertn. (P genome) is a wild relative of wheat that harbours many genetic variations that could be used to increase the genetic diversity of wheat. To agronomically transfer important genes from the P genome to a wheat chromosome by induced homoeologous pairing and recombination, it is necessary to determine the chromosomal relationships between Agropyron and wheat. Here, we report us...

§1. Representations of finite groups 1 §1.1. Definition and Examples 1 §1.2. G-modules 3 §1.3. Mashke’s Theorem 4 §1.4. Schur’s Lemma 6 §1.5. One-dimensional representations 7 §1.6. Exercises 9 §2. Irreducible representations of finite groups 10 §2.1. Characters 10 §2.2. Basic operations on representations and their characters 11 §2.3. Schur’s orthogonality relations 12 §2.4. Decomposition of t...

Bunchgrasses are one of the most important plant functional groups in grassland ecosystems. Reproductive allocation (RA) for a bunchgrass is a hierarchical process; however, how bunchgrasses adjust their RAs along hierarchical levels in response to nutrient addition has never been addressed. Here, utilizing an 11-year nutrient addition experiment, we examined the patterns and variations in RA o...