introduction: the review of medical records with the aim of assessing the quality of codes has long been conducted in different countries. auditing medical coding, as an instructive approach, could help to review the quality of codes objectively using defined attributes, and this in turn would lead to improvement of the quality of codes. method: the current study aimed to present a model for au...

Over the past two decades, there has been a great deal of attention devoted to the teaching, learning, and testing of second language (L2) listening ability. This increased attention is due (at least in part) to the realization of the importance of listening in language learning (Rubin, 1994). For first language learners, virtually all linguistic input is through the aural mode. While the lingu...

We discuss what it means for a non-player character (NPC) to be believable or human-like, and how we can accurately assess believability. We argue that participatory observation, where the human assessing believability takes part in the game, is prone to distortion effects. For many games, a fairer (or at least complementary) assessment might be made by an external observer that does not partic...

In exploring the question of whether a computer program is behaving creatively, it is important to be explicit, and if possible formal, about the criteria that are being applied in making judgements of creativity. We propose a formal (and rather simplified) outline of the relevant attributes of a potentially creative program. Based on this, we posit a number of formal criteria that could be app...

This paper reports findings from an empirical four-year study designed to investigate the relationship between key constructs of an extended model of teaching and learning in higher education. Using a mixed-methods approach, we sought to assess the impact of a year-long faculty development program (FDP) designed for pre-tenure faculty on participant approaches to teaching. From our analysis of ...

Dwyer is accused of burglary. The police have found on his shoes several fragments of glass that have a mean refractive index close to-but not identical to-the mean refractive index of fragments of a broken window at the scene of the burglary. The police also have found a blood stain near the broken window. Police investigators have subjected to DNA analysis both this stain and a sample of bloo...