The responses of neuronal clusters to amplitude-modulated tones were studied in five auditory cortical fields of the anesthetized cat: the primary auditory field (AI), second auditory field (AII), anterior auditory field (AAF), posterior auditory field (PAF) and the ventro-posterior auditory field (VPAF). Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) for amplitude-modulated tones were obtained at 172 co...

Abstract— Brushless motors are gaining attention from various Industrial manufactures because of its high efficiency, noise less operation and high speeds. In conventional control methods of Brushless Dc motors, the back electromotive force is assumed to be in ideal form i.e., Trapezoidal form, so that rectangular currents are injected from the inverter. In real time, the back-Emf may not to be...

BACKGROUND Biphasic pulses produced by most commercially available TMS machines have a cosine waveform, which makes it difficult to study the interaction between the two phases of stimulation. OBJECTIVE We used a controllable pulse TMS (cTMS) device delivering quasi-rectangular pulse outputs to investigate whether monophasic are more effective than biphasic pulses. METHODS Temporally symmet...

Fundamental asymmetric lamb wave’s interactions with rectangular notches in a steel plate are investigated in this paper. Elastodynamic finite integration technique previously mainly used to study wave propagation in elastic media is adopted to study lamb wave interaction with defects. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the reflection and transmission coefficients’ variations with ...

Eukaryotic flagella and cilia can exhibit planar and non-planar beating, and the mechanism controlling these beating patterns is not well understood. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella beat in approximately the same plane with either an asymmetric ciliary-type or symmetric flagellar-type waveform. Each B-tubule of the number 1, 5 and 6 doublets of the flagellar axoneme possesses a beak-like str...

In this paper, we report experimental results on detecting and analyzing the Brillouin precursor through vegetation at frequencies from 500 MHz to 3GHz. An experimental method to collect data is reported. The outcomes in terms of energy and time-spreading are presented using modulated rectangular and Gaussian pulses, as well as a sequence of rectangular pulses. Using field-collected data, this ...

When a target has a large velocity, the Doppler effect is not negligible. In that case, pulse compression by means of a linear frequency modulation suffers from significant signal loss in performance due to the mismatch between the reflected signal and the matched filter caused by the Doppler distortion. This problem can be avoided by using a hyperbolic frequency-modulated waveform, which has t...