In this fundamental study, streptomycin was extracted successfully from urine and plasma using electromembrane extraction (EME). Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside with log P -7.6 selected as extremely polar model analyte. EME a microextraction technique, where charged analytes are under the influence of electrical field, sample, through supported liquid membrane (SLM), into acceptor solution. T...

This paper describes a biological microsystem (bio-system) for measuring uric acid concentration in serum, plasma or urine. Its operation is based on optical absorption in a well-defined part of the visible spectrum. The bio-system is composed by two dies: one is fabricated in polystyrene and contains the microchannels and the other is fabricated in a CMOS standard process and contains the phot...

A nanofluid is a dilute liquid suspension of particles with at least one critical dimension smaller than ~100 nm. Research works so far suggest that nanofluids offer excellent heat transfer enhancement over conventional base fluids. The enhancement depends on several factors such as particle shape, particle size distribution, volume fraction of nanoparticles, temperature, pH, and thermal conduc...

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