Background Informal payments for health care, which are common in many countries, can have negative effects on health care access, equity and health status as they lead people to forgo or delay seeking care, or to sell assets to pay for care. Many countries are putting reforms in place with the aim of reducing informal payments. In order to be successful, such policies should be informed by the...

In view of the budgetary constraints within which most national social security systems have been operating, considerable interest has been generated, both here and abroad, in the comparative costs of administering social security programs. This study was undertaken to determine the level of administrative spending in the United States and 11 countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, the Fed...

Open Government Data put some new elements to the discussion of budget transparency. The reality in Brazil, which has a legal framework that enforces all public entities to web publish detailed budgetary data in real time, shows that effective transparency will be reached only if a standardization progress is met. This paper discusses the challenges for the standardization of open budgetary dat...

We separate the budgetary and non-budgetary effects of price on demand using choice data from wine tasting experiments in which consumers tasted wines of different quality accompanied by fictitious price information. The non-budgetary effect is present and nonlinear: it is strongly positive between e 3 and e 5, and undetectable between e 5 and e 8. We find a similar nonlinear price-quality rela...

Background There is high reliance on out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments as a means of financing health system in Nigeria. OOP health payments can make households face catastrophe and become impoverished. The study aims to examine the financial burden of OOP health payments among households in Nigeria.   Methods Secondary data from the Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) of 2009/2...

background: informal payments in the health sector of many developing countries are considered as a major impediment to health care reforms. informal payments are a form of systemic fraud and have adverse effects on the performance of the health system. in this study, the frequency and extent of informal payments as well as the determinants of these payments were investigated in general hospita...

An analytic framework is proposed to assess budgets across a series of dimensions, including whether it instills aggregate fiscal discipline, facilitates strategic prioritization expenditures, and encourages effective efficient use budgeted resources, offering budgetary stability. The process should be transparent timely support public awareness participation. This evaluated the U.S. budget, co...

1Dialysis Department, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Russia 2Department of Gynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Russia 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russia 4Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “North-West State Medical Un...

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyse the fiscal-budgetary measures, which have been taken by almost all governments around world, including EU countries, in an attempt limit negative impact pandemic blockade. In most cases, these measures concerned granting technical unemployment, postponement tax payments, and suspension or loan instalments their maturity. present focuses especially on...