This paper presents LEOPARD, a Logical Effort-based fanout OPtimizer for ARea and Delay, which relies on the availability of a (near) continuous size buffer library. Based on the concept of logical effort in VLSI circuits, the proposed algorithm attempts to minimize the total buffer area under the required time and input capacitance constraints by constructing the fanout tree topology and assig...

The nature and mode of action of buffers ............................ 525 Unit for measurement of buffer values ............................... 528 The buffer value of water plus only strong acid or alkali ............. 531 The buffer value of a solution containing a weak monovalent acid anditssalt .................................................... 535 Fundamental mass law equations ............

Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles were prepared via a nanoprecipitation process. The influence of the pH of the buffer solution used during the immobilization process on the loading of Candida antarctica lipase B (Cal-B) and on the hydrolytic activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate) of the immobilized Cal-B was studied. The pH of the buffer solution has no influence on enzyme loading, while ...

Recently, optical packet switch architectures, composed of devices such as optical switches, fiber delay lines, and passive couplers, have been proposed to overcome the electromagnetic interference (EMI), pinout and interconnection problems that would be encountered in future large electronic switch cores. However, attaining the buffer size (buffer depth) in optical packet switches required in ...

The buffer allocation problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, and it is an important design problem in manufacturing systems. The research proposed in this paper concerns a product line consisting of n unreliable machines with n − 1 buffers and a preventive maintenance policy. The focus of the research is to obtain a better trade-off between the buffer level ...