The flower-visiting behaviors of pollinator species are affected not only by flower traits but also by cues of predators and resident pollinators. There is extensive research into the effects of predator cues and resident pollinators on the flower-visiting behaviors of bee pollinators. However, there is relatively little research into their effects on butterfly pollinators probably because of t...

Van Allen radiation belts consist of relativistic electrons trapped by Earth's magnetic field. Trapped electrons often drift azimuthally around Earth and display a butterfly pitch angle distribution of a minimum at 90° further out than geostationary orbit. This is usually attributed to drift shell splitting resulting from day-night asymmetry in Earth's magnetic field. However, direct observatio...

Introduction: The age of peak freestyle swimming speed was reported to be at ~17 years for women and ~19 years for men. However, the age of peak swimming speed for other strokes such as butterfly is not known. Objectives: We investigated whether the age of peak swimming speed and peak swimming speed changed across years in elite butterfly and freestyle swimmers at national level (Switzerland) b...

Random linear network coding is a feasible encoding tool for network coding, specially for the non-coherent network, and its performance is important in theory and application. In this letter, we study the performance of random linear network coding for the well-known butterfly network by analyzing the failure probabilities. We determine the failure probabilities of random linear network coding...

Few data are available about the regional or local extinction of tropical butterfly species. When confirmed, local extinction was often due to the loss of host-plant species. We used published lists and recent monitoring programs to evaluate changes in butterfly composition on Barro Colorado Island (BCI, Panama) between an old (1923-1943) and a recent (1993-2013) period. Although 601 butterfly ...

To the Editor: Despite safety recommendations, the increased availability of personal protective equipment, and the implementation of improved disposal systems, high-risk needlestick injuries continue to occur in unacceptably high numbers in healthcare settings.1 Design features of needle devices are relevant to their high injury risk. For example, butterflytype devices with needle-shielding fe...

The butterfly graphs were originally defined as the underlying graphs of FFT networks which can perform the fast Fourier transform (FFT) very eficiently. Since butterfly graphs are regular of degree four, it can tolerate at most two edge faults in the worst case in order to establish a Hamiltonian cycle. In this paper, we show that butterfly graphs contain a fault-free Hamiltonian cycle even if...

purpose: to determine changes in streoacuity in anisometropic myopic eyes after photorefractive keratectomy (prk). methods: this quasi-experimental clinical trial was performed in myopic patients with at least 1 d of in anisometropia spherical, astigmatic or spherical equivalent who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (prk) using the technolas 217 z excimer laser machine. changes in streoacui...

This paper describes the Common Lisp system that BBN is developing for its ButterflyTM multiprocessor. The BBN ButterflyTM is a shared memory multiprocessor which may contain up to 256 processor nodes. The system provides a shared heap, parallel garbage collector, and window based I/O system. The future construct is used to specify parallelism. THE BUTTERFLYTM LISP SYSTEM For several decades, d...