Utilization of fossil fuel for supplying of requires energy of desalination systems is common. On the other hand, solar energy is one of the high-grade energies in the world that can be found specifically in hot weather places. Therefore, utilization of solar energy for operation of desalination systems will reduce greenhouse gases and is a good alternative way. Common exergy analysis method (s...

we consider path-based protection methods for twolink failures in mesh optical networks. Two link-disjoint backup paths are pre-computed for each source and destination node pair. We identify the scenarios where the backup paths can share their wavelengths without violating 100% restoration guarantee (backup multiplexing). We use integer programming to optimize the total capacity requirement fo...

Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multispecies Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper is the first to look at capacity utilization in the context of a multi-species fishery that has both ITQ and nonITQ components. The paper examines how a ch...

Background Vietnam’s network of commune health centers (CHCs) have historically managed acute infectious diseases and implemented national disease-specific vertical programs. Vietnam has undergone an epidemiological transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Limited data exist on Vietnamese CHC capacity to prevent, diagnose, and treat NCDs. In this paper, we assess NCD service r...