Carbachol-stimulated accumulation of labeled IP4 or of total Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 in rat brain cortical slices was maximal in buffer containing 10 mM K+. Iso-osmotic elevation of extracellular K+ to 30 mM did not affect total Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 accumulation but did enhance carbachol stimulated Ins 1,4,5-P3 accumulation. Iso-osmotically elevated K+ suppressed carbachol stimulated accumulation of labeled I...

BACKGROUND The authors previously reported that the isoflurane-caused reduction of the carbachol-evoked cytoplasmic Ca transient increase ([Ca]cyt) was eliminated by K or caffeine-pretreatment. In this study the authors investigated whether the isoflurane-sensitive component of the carbachol-evoked [Ca]cyt transient involved Ca influx through the plasma membrane. METHODS Perfused attached hum...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) can be phosphorylated by mitogens binding to G-protein-coupled receptors and is considered a major pathway involved in cell proliferation. In this study, we report on the activation of MAPK by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in astroglial cells, namely the 1321N1 human astrocytoma cell line, primary rat cortical astrocytes, and fetal human astrocytes. ...

Ahrén, Bo, Per Sauerberg, and Christian Thomsen. Increased insulin secretion and normalization of glucose tolerance by cholinergic agonism in high fat-fed mice. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Endocrinol. Metab. 40): E93–E102, 1999.— Increased insulinotropic activity by the cholinergic agonist carbachol exists in insulin-resistant high fat-fed C57BL/6J mice. We examined the efficiency and potency of carba...

Cellular levels of cAMP are an important determinant of airway smooth muscle tone. We have previously shown that chronic (18 h) but not acute (30 min or 2 h) pretreatment with the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol resulted in decreased adenylyl cyclase activity in response to GTP, isoproterenol, or forskolin via a pathway blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine. The present ...

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) evokes release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the resulting Ca2+ signals are shaped by interactions with additional intracellular organelles. Bafilomycin A1, which prevents lysosomal Ca2+ uptake by inhibiting H+ pumping into lysosomes, increased the amplitude of the initial Ca2+ signals evoked by carbachol in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell...

Properties of carbachol-induced oscillatory activity in rat hippocampus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2631-2640, 1997. The recent resurgence of interest in carbachol oscillations as an in vitro model of theta rhythm in the hippocampus prompted us to evaluate the circuit mechanisms involved. In extracellular recordings, a regularly spaced bursting pattern of field potentials was observed in both CA3 and...

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that cholinoceptive basal forebrain systems can significantly influence cholinoceptive pontine mechanisms known to be important for generating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This hypothesis was examined by microinjecting the cholinergic agonist carbachol or saline (vehicle control) into the pons, the basal forebrain, or simultaneously into the po...

The depression of upper airway motor activity that develops during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep is a major factor allowing upper airway obstructions to occur in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Microinjections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, into the dorsal pontine tegmentum of chronically instrumented cats produce REM sleep. In acutely decerebrate cats, carbachol induces...

In the present study, we examined whether cholinergic agonists would elicit an itch-associated response in mice. When mice were given an intradermal injection of carbachol (1-10 nmol) or bethanechol (0.3-100 nmol) into the rostral back, they showed the dose-dependent increase of scratching. Nicotine (1-10 nmol) showed no effect. Pretreatment with naloxone, but not with terfenadine, significantl...