We repeatedly sampled the surface mineral soil (0-20 cm depth) in three northern temperate forest communities over an 11-year experimental fumigation to understand the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or elevated phyto-toxic ozone (O(3)) on soil carbon (C). After 11 years, there was no significant main effect of CO(2) or O(3) on soil C. However, within the community containing onl...

The El Niño event of 1997/1998 caused dry conditions over the Indonesian area that were followed by large scale forest and savannah fires over Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, and parts of Irian Jaya. Biomass burning was most intense between August and October 1997, and large amounts of ozone precursors, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were emitted into the atmosphere. In th...

  Background: Industrialization and urbanization had a devastating impact on public health and caused an increase in health related morbidity and mortality. In fact, asthma is a chronic condition which is considered as one of the significant challenges of public health. In this study, we investigated the association of air pollution and weather conditions with excess emergency ward admissions o...

to evaluate the effects of various concentration of carbon dioxide and salinity stress on morphophysiological characteristics of amaranthus tricolor l. an experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions in faculity of agriculture ferdowsi university of mashhad. the experiment was split plot based on completely randomized design with three levels of co2 (380, 700, 1050 µl/l) and three concentr...

We propose a novel mechanism for isotopic exchange between CO2 and O3 via O(1D) + CO2 --> CO3* followed by CO3* --> CO2 + O(3P). A one-dimensional model calculation shows that this mechanism can account for the enrichment in 18O in the stratospheric CO2 observed by Gamo et al. [1989], using the heavy O3 profile observed by Mauersberger [1981]. The implications of this mechanism for other stra...

The Montreal Protocol has set an extraordinary example by applying scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and swift political actions to solving one of the most urgent environmental problems facing humans. With its ongoing implementation, the stratospheric ozone is expected to return to its 1980 levels around mid-twenty-first century. In addition, the Montreal Protocol has contribut...

Associations of gaseous air pollutants (including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) with asthma hospitalization, stratified by sex and socioeconomic status, were examined among children 6-12 years of age in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, between 1987 and 1998. Relative risks for an exposure increment corresponding to the interquartile range for each gaseous air...

Atmospheric heavy ozone is enriched in the isotopes 18O and 17O. The magnitude of this enhancement, of the order of 100%, is very large compared with that commonly known in atmospheric chemistry and geochemistry. The heavy oxygen atom in heavy ozone is therefore useful as a tracer of chemical species and pathways that involve ozone or its derived products. As a test of the isotopic exchange rea...

Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are associated with high mortality and are of unknown cause. The effect of air pollution on exacerbations of interstitial lung disease is unknown. This study aims to define the association of air pollution exposure with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and corresponding air pollu...