Standard precautions require all clinical equipment to be cleaned between patient use.1 Cleaning equipment of patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) had previously involved a 2-step cleaning processwith detergent andwater followed by disinfection with hypochlorite solution 1,000 ppm using a disposable detergent wipe or paper towel. Environmental services have been using...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to review the validity of the need for the application of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) to household chemical products in Korea. The study also aimed to assess the severity of health and environmental hazards of household chemical products using the GHS. METHODS 135 products were classified as 'cleaning age...

This study compares two cleaning methods, one involving an ammonium carbonate-EDTA mixture and the other involving the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, for the removal of black crust (containing gypsum) on marble of the Milan Cathedral (Italy). In contrast to the chemical cleaning method, the biological procedure resulted in more homogeneous removal ...

During the 1999-crushing season, the Malelane Mill installed vibratory screens after the quadruple effect evaporator. The purpose of the screens was to separate out any residual scale originating from the chemical cleaning of the evaporator vessels. This strategy was adopted after attempts to improve the flush out of the evaporator vessels after chemical cleaning proved ineffective in removing ...

Ultrafiltration (UF) of whey is a major membrane based process in the dairy industry. However, commercialization of this application has been limited by membrane fouling, which has a detrimental influence on the permeation rate. There are a number of different chemical and physical cleaning methods currently used for cleaning a fouled membrane. It has been suggested that the cleaning frequency ...

A few years ago, the first semi-aqueous circuit board defluxing composition was developed and introduced by Petroferm. Since that time, several other semiaqueous products have appeared, and semi-aqueous cleaning is now considered one of the leading choices for replacing ozone-depleting CFCs. Now, an advanced vapor degreasing process has been developed which offers the ease of use, fast drying, ...

BACKGROUND Goal-oriented communication of risk of hazards is necessary in order to reduce risk of workers' exposure to chemicals. Adequate training of workers and enterprise priority setting are essential elements. Cleaning enterprises have many challenges and the existing paradigms influence the risk levels of these enterprises. METHODS Information on organization and enterprises' prioritiza...