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The combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine is given frequently to anxious pediatric dental patients. In order to observe and quantify the anxiolytic effects of these drugs given alone and in combination, highly explorative male C57/black mice were tested using the light~dark test box after injecting subhypnotic doses for increased transitions between the light and dark side of the test ...

To the Editor:—A recent paper reported experiments, using laboratory rats, on the effect of intraamygdala infusion of a -aminobutyric acid type A antagonist on propofol-induced amnesia for inhibitory avoidance training, as well as on expression of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein in the hippocampus. This work may elucidate the neural mechanisms of the amnestic effects of propo...

Since an ethical issue has been raised regarding the use of the well-known anesthetic agent chloral hydrate, owing to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals, attention of neuroscientists has turned to finding out an alternative agent able to meet not only potency, safety, and analgesic efficacy, but also reduced neuroprotective effect for stroke research. The aim of this study was to...

In pediatric dentistry, chloral hydrate is habitually selected for sedation of uncooperative children. Although chloral hydrate has been used for decades, various adverse effects are reported and necessity for new alternative drugs has increased. Dexmedetomidine was approved by FDA for sedation at intensive care units (ICU) in 1999. Compared to conventional sedative drugs, dexmedetomidine has n...

Chloral hydrate has been found in our drinking water supplies at levels up to 5 micrograms/1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional status of the immune system in random-bred CD-1 mice exposed to chloral hydrate for 14 and 90 days. Male mice, following 14 or 90 days of exposure to 1/10 and 1/100 the actual oral LD50, exhibited no alterations in either humoral or cell-mediated...

Sedation allows patients to maintain their airway independently and respond appropriately to physical stimulation and verbal command while maintaining a minimum depressed level of consciousness. Drugs commonly used for sedation of pediatric dental patients include a combination of chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, and nitrous oxide-oxygen. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine and currently one of the most...

This study was conducted to examine the effects of chloral hydrate on nitrous oxide sedation of young children for dental treatment. Nineteen children, ranging in age from 19 to 41 months (mean 30 months), participated in this double-blind study. The subjects were assigned randomly to receive either a placebo or chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) for the first visit with the alternate regimen administe...

We evaluated ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as an antinociceptive supplement to chloral hydrate anesthesia in mouse. Effects of ketoprofen on main olfactory bulb (MOB) neuronal spontaneous activity were investigated using extracellular recordings in mouse in vivo. These effects were compared with those of another nociceptive supplement, the mu-opioid agonist buprenor...