Research exploring cognitive processing associated with Williams Syndrome (WS) has suggested that executive functioning deficits exist across the developmental spectrum. Such executive functions include problem solving, planning, dividing attention and inhibiting responses. Within a framework of executive functions, the aim of the current study was to explore attentional lapse and inhibition sk...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of mild motion sickness and sopite syndrome on multitasking cognitive performance. BACKGROUND Despite knowledge on general motion sickness, little is known about the effect of motion sickness and sopite syndrome on multitasking cognitive performance. Specifically, there is a gap in existing knowledge in the gray area of mild motion sickness...

OBJECTIVES To examine cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. METHODS Twenty patients with chronic fatigue syndrome recruited from primary care and 20 matched normal controls were given CANTAB computerised tests of visuospatial memory, attention, and executive function, and verbal tests of letter and category fluency and word association learning. RESULTS Patients with chronic fatig...

Biologically inspired cognitive architectures should faithfully model the high-level modules and processes of cognitive neuroscience. Also, they are expected to contribute to the BICA “challenge of creating a real-life computational equivalent of the human mind.” One important component of the mind is attention and attentional learning. In this paper, we describe conceptual and computational mo...

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the trisomy of chromosome 21 in humans. Almost all individuals with DS also experience an early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and show similar cognitive and learning deficits. There are currently no treatments for these deficits in DS. However, choline availability during the perinatal period has shown to have long-term benefits on memory a...

Cognitive behavioural models of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) propose that attention processes, specifically, enhanced selective attention to health-threat related cues, may play an important role in symptom maintenance. The current study investigated attentional bias towards health-threat stimuli in CFS. It also examined whether individuals with CFS have impaired executive attention, and whet...

In cognitive models, cognitive control can be measured in terms of the number of control states that are used to do the task. In most cases more control leads to better performance. Attentional Blink is an example in which the opposite is true: more control leads to poorer performance. A hybrid ACTR/Leabra model is used to model both highand low-control participants using two and one control st...

Schizophrenia symptoms segregate into positive, negative and cognitive, which exhibit differential sensitivity to drugs. Recent efforts to identify treatments targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia have directed attention to the cholinergic system for its well documented role in cognition. Relatedly, muscarinic antagonists (e.g. scopolamine) produce an 'antimuscarinic syndrome', chara...