We propose a set of “atomic cognitive operational representations” on which higher level cognitive representations and processes can be built, thus providing fundamental building blocks for cognitive mechanisms necessary for intelligent actions. The fundamental concepts involved are elemental temporal changes of some quantities and in this representational scheme the temporal dimension is expli...

With the continually increasing complexity of e-learning environments, there is a need for integrating concepts of cognitive load theory (CLT) with concepts of human–computer interaction (HCI). Basic concepts of both fieldswere reviewed and contrasted. A literature reviewwas conductedwithin the literature database ‘‘The Guide to Computing Literature,” searching for ‘‘cognitive load theory” and ...

BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is commonly characterized by cognitive deterioration, but it is still unclear whether PD is associated with semantic impairments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate semantic knowledge of concepts in patients with idiopathic PD, addressing concrete and abstract concepts, conceptual attributes, and conceptual relations. METHODS Twelve patients with preserved cognitive sta...