Colonial institutions in Africa were shaped by a variety of factors, including local conditions prior to colonial rule, the policies of the imperial power, and rapid economic change during and after the period of colonial conquest. This paper contributes to a growing literature on the origins and structure of colonial institutions. It examines a neglected but important part of colonial governme...

according to this fact that wind is now a part of global energy portfolio and due to unreliable and discontinuous production of wind energy; prediction of wind power value is proposed as a main necessity. in recent years, various methods have been proposed for wind power prediction. in this paper the prediction structure involves feature selection and use of artificial neural network (ann). in ...

this paper presents a framework for long term transmission expansion planning in competitive, electricity markets. transmission lines and phase shifters are taken into account as expansion options. maximization of the network users' benefits, with satisfying security constraints are considered as the criterion for transmission expansion planning. the elements of the objective function are the...

imperialist competitive algorithm (ica) is a new socio-politically motivated global search strategy. the ica is applied to hybrid composite laminates to obtain minimum weight and cost. the approach which is chosen for conducting the multi-objective optimization was the weighted sum method (wsm). the hybrid composite laminates are made of glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy to combine the lightness and...

The multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP) is a generalization of the famous traveling salesman problem (TSP), where more than one salesman is used in the solution. Although the MTSP is a typical kind of computationally complex combinatorial optimization problem, it can be extended to a wide variety of routing problems. This paper presents an efficient and evolutionary optimization algorith...

in this paper, optimal design of hybrid solar-wind- diesel energy system with battery storage for reliable load in arsoon village in ardabil is presented. the village has 35 households that mean daily energy consumption is estimated 63.4 kwh. in this design optimization is implemented, considering loss of power supply probability (lpsp) index for reliable load providing, with minimum total cons...

Fuzzy clustering methods are conveniently employed in constructing a fuzzy model of a system, but they need to tune some parameters. In this research, FCM is chosen for fuzzy clustering. Parameters such as the number of clusters and the value of fuzzifier significantly influence the extent of generalization of the fuzzy model. These two parameters require tuning to reduce the overfitting in the...

Bankruptcy prediction is a major issue in classification of companies. Since bankruptcy is extremely costly, investors, owners, managers, creditors, and government agencies are interested in evaluating the financial status of companies. This study tried to predict bankruptcy among companies registered in Tehran Stock Exchange (Iran) by designing imperialist competitive algorithm and genetic alg...

There are two types of digital filters including Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR). IIR filters attract more attention as they can decrease the filter order significantly compared to FIR filters. Owing to multi-modal error surface, simple powerful optimization techniques should be utilized in designing IIR digital filters to avoid local minimum. Imperialist compe...