This research deals with heat and mass transfer in biscuit industrial baking ovens. In these ovens, heat reaches biscuits indirectly by radiation, convection and conduction. The method for numerical solution is that we first provide the related equations, then they are discretized by finite difference method (FDM), and finally, after encoding and writing a program for the computer, we run it. T...

This paper presents a cost-effective method to increase the COP and utility of a domestic refrigerator using R-134a refrigerant. A cabin was installed on the top of a domestic refrigerator with condenser coils of refrigerator serving as heating coils inside the cabin. Known quantity of water was heated by the condenser coils (due to convection currents) thereby increasing the overall COP of the...

The use of DNA to identify human remains after an accidental fire, arson fire, or a mass disaster has become a standard technique in the forensic community. The objective of this study is to determine systematically the relative quantity, quality, and amplifiability of DNA extracted from pig muscle tissue and bone marrow subjected to controlled burns in an open flame or convection oven. Burn ti...

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 Blackbody sources with nearly unity emittance that are in equilibrium with a pure freezing metal such as gold, silver, or copper are used as primary standard sources in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Recently, a facility using radio-frequency induction heating for melting and filling the blackbody...

This work presents a theoretical model describing the transport phenomena involved in food cooking. Aim of the study is to determine the influence of some of the most important operating variables, especially humidity and temperature, of drying air on the performance of cooking process of pork meat. Thermal processes are increasingly important in determining the safety and quality of retail pro...

The effect of structural evolution polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on mechanical properties was investigated in stabilization and carbonization. PAN spun fibers were stabilized in a convection oven with a constant tension for various times at 250 ̊C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel fraction results suggested that intra and intermolecular stabilization reactions occurred simultaneo...

OBJECTIVES It was reported previously that topside oven workers with heavy exposure to coke oven emissions had increased serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase in one coke oven plant. This study was conducted to investigate the modifying effect of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism on liver function profiles in coke oven workers. METHODS 88 coke oven workers from a large steel company in Taiwan w...

Coke oven, which is a large industrial furnace, is complex in structure. A two-dimensional structure diagram can hardly help one observe the inner structure of a coke oven or master its working principle comprehensively. In order to solve this problem, a complete 3D digital model of a coke oven is generated by assembling the three-dimensional models of coke oven components created with SketchUp...