We investigate electron cooling based on a clean normal-metal/spin-filter/superconductor junction. Due to the suppression of the Andreev reflection by the spin-filter effect, the cooling power of the system is found to be extremely higher than that for conventional normal-metal/nonmagnetic-insulator/superconductor coolers. Therefore we can extract large amount of heat from normal metals. Our re...

the effect of shear rate on dissolution of carbon dioxide in viscoelastic wheat flour matrix and cell density in a glass barrel twin screw extruder is investigated. it is found that by increasing the shear rate there will be a decrease in the required thermodynamic conditions and hence, it improves blowing agent dissolution and increases the cell density. shear rate breaks up big bubbles and he...

A fully 3D conjugate numerical analysis was performed to reveal the effects of air, R134a refrigerant and water on electromagnetic fields of electronic cooling designs made of arrays of micro pin-fins with integrated ThroughSilicon-Vias (TSVs). The integrated TSV cooling configuration included 8 cylindrical TSVs with 150 μm diameter each and 200 μm height. The external dimensions of the silicon...

The NESR ring of the FAIR project [1] will store highly charged radioactive and stable ion beams for internal experiments and decelerate ions and antiprotons for transfer to FLAIR. A powerful electron cooling system has been designed [2], covering the full energy range (740-4 MeV/u) for ions and allowing intermediate cooling in the range 800-30 MeV during the deceleration of antiprotons. It wil...

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of acute inactivation of brain areas by cooling in the behaving ferret and to demonstrate that cooling auditory cortex produced a localisation deficit that was specific to auditory stimuli. The effect of cooling on neural activity was measured in anesthetized ferret cortex. The behavioural effect of cooling was determined in a benchmar...

Depleted natural gas reservoirs are a promising target for Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). The focus of this study is on evaluating the importance of Joule-Thomson cooling during CO2 injection into depleted natural gas reservoirs. Joule-Thomson cooling is the adiabatic cooling that accompanies the expansion of a real gas. If Joule-Thomson cooling were extreme, injectivi...

Forehead cooling activates the sympathetic nervous system and can trigger angina pectoris in susceptible individuals. However, the effect of forehead cooling on coronary blood flow velocity (CBV) is not well understood. In this human experiment, we tested the hypotheses that forehead cooling reduces CBV (i.e., coronary vasoconstriction) and that this vasoconstrictor effect would be enhanced und...