optimal pricing of public parking can improve parking management. this leads to traffic flow, thereby reduces the cost of transportation network. in this paper, the transportation network with some origins, destinations, and public parking was considered. in the network, private cars drivers depending on travel time between origin and parking (driving time), travel time between parking and dest...

Objective: It is believed that drivers play a crucial role in accidents. Paying attention to brake lights, a driver may find out about danger and react. Rear-end collision accidents refer to the part of the accidents due to driver inattention or slow reaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dynamic flashing brake lights (7 Hz) on drivers' brake reaction time using the driv...

A review of 75 formal audit assignments shows that the effort taken to identify defects in financial models taken from the domain of limited recourse (project) finance is uncorrelated with common measures of the physical characteristics of the spreadsheets concerned.

Activity-based costing (ABC) has received extensive attention since it achieves improved accuracy in estimating costs, by using multiple cost drivers to trace the cost of activities to the products associated with the resources consumed by those activities. However, it has some problems. The first problem is that ABC does not have general criteria to select relevant cost drivers. Second, ABC as...

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the actual daily costs of intensive care unit stay using a microcosting methodology. As a secondary objective, the degree of association between daily intensive care unit costs and some patient characteristics was examined. This multicenter, retrospective cost analysis was conducted in the medical-surgical adult intensive care units of 1 unive...

We present a methodology for measuring the risks posed by drinking drivers that relies solely on readily available data on fatal crashes. The key to our identification strategy is a hidden richness inherent in twocar crashes. Drivers with alcohol in their blood are seven times more likely to cause a fatal crash; legally drunk drivers pose a risk 13 times greater than sober drivers. The external...

OBJECTIVES To analyze data from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) involving teenaged drivers in Kentucky for 1994, and derive cost estimates of these crashes. METHODS Crash data were obtained from the Kentucky Traffic Accident Facts 1994 Report and the Kentucky Accident Reporting System. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Crash-Cost program was used to generate cost estimates for...

The costs of additive manufactured parts often seem too high in comparison to those of traditionally manufactured parts, as the information about major cost drivers, especially for additive manufactured metal parts, is weak. Therefore, a lifecycle analysis of additive manufactured parts is needed to understand and rate the cost drivers that act as the largest contributors to unit costs, and to ...

traffic fatalities are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in iran. occupational sleep medicine field needs more cost-effective and applicable tests for screening purposes. this study reports on a pilot screening study for drowsy drivers in an urban iranian sample of commercial drivers. the maintenance of wakefulness test (mwt) measures the ability to remain awake objectively. sleep latenc...