“economic empowerment” is the ability of vulnerable women to make a decent living for themselves and their family. this ability not only helps them to meet their essential needs continuously, but also decreases the stress level and mental strains caused by deficiencies in the process of satisfying these needs. a range of fundamental and prevalent social issues affecting various societies usuall...

the purpose of this research was to assess the role of educational factors in protecting urbanlandscapes in tehran metropolitan. this is a quantitative research, applied and descriptivecorrelationmethod was used. the research population consisted of all participants in educationalcourses held by tehran municipality (n=300) and 172 of them selected by using simple randomsampling method. to gathe...

urban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. this problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserving the urban landscape. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of extension and education classes of plant clinics on sustai...

iso14001:2004 standard an active and effective element in city management system can improve function of municipality’s environment. it can be constant environment’s management. despite many benefits of this system in municipality, maintaining is a great part that the function of municipality’s environment dependant on it. in this survey, to design a model for evaluation municipality’s environm...

nowadays, a movement has begun toward offering services by means of portals to realize the goal of making the electronic city, and iranian municipalities have already entered this scope. this investigation aims at measuring the realization of above-mentioned goal by investigating into municipality portals, since the typical view of an e-city and the user interface between management processes o...

The highly dynamic and complex nature of today’s metropolitans requires that any “service provision” of their municipality be fast, economical, and of high quality. This goal could only be reached through cooperating or interoperating applications. Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) are indispensable from this respect. Enabling Application-to-Application (A2A) integration, Services Oriented Arc...