We analyze a firm designing and selling a seasonal product with demand uncertainty and a single ordering opportunity. Prior to the start of the selling season, product quality and inventory must be jointly determined; a higher quality product results in a greater selling price but also greater marginal production cost. We consider both a centralized supply chain, in which a single firm determin...

In this paper, we propose two decision models for decentralized and centralized fresh produce supply chains with stochastic supply and demand and controllable transportation time. The optimal order quantity and the optimal transportation time in these two supply chain systems are derived. To improve profits in a decentralized supply chain, based on analyzing the risk taken by each participant i...

undoubtedly, more attention is being made in the word service and industries that can be learnt from manufacturing for improving its production out puts and their associated quality and cost. these include such lean production, jit, tqm, and the relationship between buyer, supplier and finally the customer satisfaction. the main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between three...

Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...

Supply chain is an organized combination of inbound logistics, production plants and multiechelon distribution network. Decentralized distribution networks are common and prone to exogenous and endogenous uncertainties. Information uncertainty from the downstream customer and material uncertainty from the upstream supplier makes the supply chain behavior more complex. Previous attempts made to ...

This paper studies supply chain coordination in a decentralized supply chain which consists of a distributor, a manufacturer, and an OEM. The distributor meets price-sensitive random demand of a product with a short life cycle. The manufacturer, having limited capacity, receives the order from the distributor; when the distributor's order exceeds the manufacturer's capacity, the manufacturer ou...

Supply chains have been proposed as complex adaptive systems. This paper looks at the global aluminum supply chain network in those terms. Developments in this industry have included formation of a cartel by bauxite producing countries, emergence of Australia as a leading producer, the collapse of communism in Europe, and the rise of Chinese production in all phases of primary aluminum producti...

strategic programming, complex supply chain, lean, production programming, suppliers selection,   electre this paper represents a model of strategic programming with limited resources in a complex supply chain. the main goal of the proposed model is to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain with respect to income increases and cost decreases. using special objective functions...

We consider a decentralized two-period supply chain in which a manufacturer produces a product and sells it through a retailer facing a price-dependent demand. We assume that the secondperiod production cost declines linearly in the first-period production, but with a random learning rate. As the mean and/or the standard deviation of the learning rate increase, the traditional double marginaliz...

In the current study, a dual-channel supply chain is considered containing one manufacturer and two retailers. It is assumed that the manufacturer and retailers have the same decision powers. A game-theoretic approach is developed to analyze pricing decisions under the centralized and decentralized scenarios. First, the Nash model is established to obtain the equilibrium decisions in the decent...