Considering the advancement of medical sciences, diagnostic tests have been developed to distinguish patients from healthy population. Therefore, Determining and evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy tests is of great importance. The accuracy of a test under evaluation is determined through the amount of agreement between its results with the results of the gold standard, and this test accuracy...

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a condition associated with inflammation in lungs and airways. the impacts of inflammatory process is not limited to respiratory system but extend to extrapulmonary organs with resultant complications involving endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. the extent and severity of inflammation may be partly estimated by serum measurement of s...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition associated with inflammation in lungs and airways. The impacts of inflammatory process is not limited to respiratory system but extend to extrapulmonary organs with resultant complications involving endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. The extent and severity of inflammation may be partly estimated by serum measurement of s...

Voiding dysfunction usually presents in one of two ways. The first is in the form of symptoms. Symptoms related to voiding dysfunction are broadly referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). LUTS have classically been divided into obstructive symptoms such as difficulty initiating a stream, decreased force of urinary stream, need to push and strain to void (stranguria), hesitancy or int...

A literature on young adults reports that morning-type individuals, or "larks," report higher levels of positive affect compared with evening-type individuals, or "owls" (Clark, Watson, & Leeka, 1989; Hasler et al., 2010). Morning types are relatively rare among young adults but frequent among older adults (May & Hasher, 1998; Mecacci et al., 1986), and here we report on the association between...

This study prospectively examined the effects of a change of shift schedule from a fast forward-rotating schedule to a slowly backward-rotating one. The initial schedule had a forward rotation from mornings to afternoons to nights over 6 consecutive days, with 2 days on each shift followed by 4 days off before the next iteration of the cycle, whereas the new schedule had a slower backward rotat...

OBJECTIVES Studies show that caregiving can have negative consequences on the psychological and physical health of its providers. However, few studies have examined the immediate and long-term impact of caregiving on health and none have considered these longitudinal associations among women in a predominately family-care society such as China. METHOD Six waves of data from the Ever-Married W...

a 14 years old boy who had a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt since the age of 5 months, was hospitalized due to headaches, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. in abdominal ct and sonographic evaluation, pancreatic pseudocyst or mesentric cyst were suspected. evaluation of the shunt by radionuclide, however, was diagnostic and revealed a pseudocyst at the peritoneal end of the shunt. the pati...