Article history: Received 7 August 2014 Received in revised form 20 June 2015 Accepted 29 June 2015 Available online 9 July 2015 This study investigates whether a firm with strong corporate governance (CG) requires political connections (PCs), that is, we examine whether CG and PC substitute for or complement each other. Using 71,069 individual bank loan contracts from Taiwan, we examine how lo...

We test three central claims in the consociationalist literature: that in ethnically divided societies, conflict can be reduced by adopting (1) proportional representation over majoritarian electoral rules, (2) parliamentary over presidential or semipresidential arrangements, and (3) a federal over a unitary system. Previous research on these questions has suffered from two major flaws: a poorl...

the political democracies have the different functions that some of them, like governmental change and legitimacy provision of political system are apparent. the mentioned phenomenon furthermore on direction of regime endure has also latent function. so this paper argues that political democracies have a preventive role concerning emergence of political revolutions and violent change of authori...

Political Islam in Iran, which initially formed in the guise of Sultāni order, experiences its second form after 1979 Revolution, named popular order. While in both forms, the authority of religion has been accepted in political life, these types of order demonstrate two different experiences of political Islam in Iran. Thus, the comprehension of this new experience of political Islam after the...

The historically prevailing view in the network literature has been that relationships within networks develop gradually and cumulatively over time, with power playing what might be termed a ‘concrete’ role in such a process, based primarily on identifiable resource dependencies. The concept of (Foucauldian) ‘system power’, beginning to emerge in the management and organisation literature, is n...

With the business environment become more complex and dynamic, organizations have been faced with more pressures of competition. Organizations are often compelled to form strategic alliances with other organizations to survive and prosper. The inter-organizational arrangement can become favorable seedbed for inter-organization conflict. The participants in the strategic alliance often spend a s...