In recent years, due to advancement in technology, traditional film-based radiology is being replaced with digital imaging technology. The goals of conversion should be determined and dentists should be aware of the challenges which may exist during the transition phase. Today, many dental schools worldwide have shifted to computed radiology. This conversion introduces new technologies which ar...

This application note investigates the design of analog filters that reduce the influence of extraneous noise in data acquisition systems. These types of systems primarily utilize low-pass filters, digital filters or a combination of both. With the analog low-pass filter, high frequency noise and interference can be removed from the signal path prior to the analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. I...

An approach to integrated mixed-mode simulation is described in which the popular SPICE circuit simulator is extended to analyze digital circuits at the gate, functional or behavioral levels. The analogue-to-digital conversion is provided by (multilevel) parameterized “thresholders” which assign digital signals to subranges of voltages determined by a set of voltage thresholds. The digitalto-an...

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) allow physical signals to be processed using digital hardware. Their conversion consists of two stages: Sampling, which maps a continuous-time signal into discrete-time, and quantization, i.e., representing the continuous-amplitude quantities finite number bits. ADCs typically implement generic uniform mappings that are ignorant task for is acquired, can cost...