1 ADC TYPES Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) transform an analog voltage to a binary number (a series of 1’s and 0’s), and then eventually to a digital number (base 10) for reading on a meter, monitor, or chart. The number of binary digits (bits) that represents the digital number determines the ADC resolution. However, the digital number is only an approximation of the true value of the ana...

This paper is a review of methods and techniques used for precise measurement of time intervals (TIs) or precise conversion of TIs to digital data. The following methods are described: the counter method and averaging, time stretching, time-to-amplitude conversion followed by analogue-to-digital conversion, the Vernier method, conversion utilizing tapped delay lines, and interpolation methods. ...

Major casts, for example, the anchor persons or reporters in news broadcast programs and principle characters in movies play an important role in video, and their occurrences provide good indices for orgnnizing and presenting video content. This paper describes a new approach for automatically generating the list of majo r casts in a video sequence based on multiple modalities, specfically, bot...

Software defined radio (SDR) is a radio in which the properties of carrier frequency, signal bandwidth, modulation, and several other characteristics are defined by software. Today's SDR is turning the hardware problems into software problems, some or all of the physical layer functions are software defined. Digital down conversion (DDC) and Digital up conversion (DUC) is one of the core techno...